Sources and bibliography

Explore the primary research, literary works, policy briefs, and academic analyses informing our GLOA 101 investigation into cell tower development, resource extraction, and globalization across the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Primary literary work

Congo, Inc. serves as the foundation of this project, showing how telecommunications, technology, and globalization affect communities in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Bofane, In Koli Jean. Congo Inc.: Bismarck's Testament. Translated by Marjolijn de Jager, Indiana University Press, 2018.

Academic and peer-reviewed journals

This article explains how the world's growing demand for cobalt has made the Democratic Republic of Congo an important part of the global technology industry. It also discusses the environmental and social challenges that come with increased mining activity.

Cao, Xintong, Maria Sharmina, and Rosa M. Cuellar-Franca. "Sourcing Cobalt in the Democratic Republic of the Congo for a Responsible Net-Zero Transition: Incentives, Risks and Stakeholders." Resources Policy, vol. 91, 2024, article 104886.

Policy and international reports

Institutional research discusses how the Democratic Republic of Congo can use its natural resources and technology sector to support economic development. It examines the role of government policies in promoting growth and expanding opportunities through technology.

Andreoni, Antonio, and Elvis Avenyo. Critical Minerals and Routes to Diversification in Africa: Opportunities for Diversification into Mobile Phone Technologies: The Case of Democratic Republic of Congo. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2023.

United States Government Accountability Office. Conflict Minerals: Peace and Security in Democratic Republic of the Congo Have Not Improved with SEC Disclosure Rule. GAO-25-107018, U.S. Government Accountability Office, 2024.